Citizenship and Naturalization
Generally, lawful permanent residents (green card holders) who have been physically present in the United States for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen) and meet other eligibility requirements can apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization.
In addition to the residency requirement, naturalization applicants must be at least 18 years old, be able to speak, read, and write basic English, have knowledge of U.S. history and government, be a person of good moral character, and have a basic understanding of the U.S. Constitution.
To apply for naturalization, you must complete Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, and submit it to USCIS along with the required supporting documents and fees.
The naturalization process typically involves biometric screening, an interview with a USCIS officer, and a test of English language proficiency and knowledge of U.S. civics.
The processing time for naturalization applications can vary, but it generally takes several months to a year or more to receive a decision.
Whether a criminal record will affect your eligibility for naturalization depends on the nature and severity of the offense. Certain crimes may make you ineligible for naturalization.
U.S. citizens enjoy many benefits, including the right to vote, the ability to travel with a U.S. passport, eligibility for certain government jobs and benefits, and protection from deportation.
In limited circumstances, U.S. citizens can lose their citizenship, such as by renouncing it voluntarily or by engaging in certain acts that are considered to be inconsistent with U.S. citizenship, such as serving in the military of a foreign country.